Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) is defined as an
approach to language teaching in which the computer is used as an assistant in
teaching and learning With the development of computer and technology, CALL has
become a need in second language teaching. The education has changed. In the
past, there were blackboards, chalk etc. Now, they have been replaced by modern
tools. CALL can increase the learners’ interest in learning and decrease
anxiety, and it also gives students richer language input.
There are three development stages of CALL: Behaviorist
CALL, Communicative CALL, and Integrative CALL.
During the 1960s and 1970s,the behaviorism approach
influenced CALL. This stage of CALL is defined as behavioristic CALL. It was
based on behaviorist-structuralist theorıes. This is was the era of stimulus
and response. Because behavioristic learning was based on habit formation. The
computer shows student a question (stimulus) and the student gives an answer
(response) to that question. The methods were Grammar-Translation and
Audiolingual method.
In the second stage of CALL (Communicative CALL) the microcomputers
were widely used. The Communicative Approach to language teaching influenced
CALL. In this period, instead of teaching grammatical rules, teachers started
to find ways for students to use the language.At this stage, the attention was on the
communicative practice. The Communicative approaches came up that are based on
meaning-focused learning.
The next phase of CALL is the Integrative Phase which came
up in 1990s. Integrative CALL is derived from the sociocultural model of
language learning. Teacher-based education has been replaced by student-based
education.
My sources: http://www.textesoliv.org
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